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Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma: a case report

K Sato¹, S Yamamura, H Iwata

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.

Nagoya Journal of Medical Science

|December 1, 1996

Summary

Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma is a rare bone cancer. This case study details its diagnosis and successful treatment in a young male, highlighting limb salvage surgery and excellent long-term outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Oncology
Skeletal Radiology
Bone Pathology

Background:

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor.
Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma is a rare subtype with distinct pathological features.
Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and patient outcomes.

Observation:

A 19-year-old male presented with motion pain in the femur.
Radiography showed a metadiaphyseal osteolytic lesion with periosteal reaction and endosteal scalloping.
Biopsy revealed stromal tumor cells with nuclear atypism and numerous osteoclast-like giant cells.

Findings:

Combined imaging (radiography, CT, MRI) and pathological examination confirmed giant cell-rich osteosarcoma.
The lesion was characterized by geographic osteolysis, cortical thinning, and a periosteal onion skin-like reaction.

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Microscopic analysis identified significant numbers of osteoclast-like giant cells.

Implications:

This case demonstrates the successful management of a rare osteosarcoma subtype.
Limb salvage surgery, including autogenous autoclaved bone and vascularized fibular grafts, achieved excellent functional recovery.
The patient remained disease-free for 72 months, indicating the efficacy of the multimodal treatment approach.