Analytical advances in detection of performance-enhancing compounds

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Performance-enhancing substance abuse in sports presents ongoing analytical challenges.
• The evolution of synthetic steroids and peptide hormones necessitates advanced detection methods.
• The 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games pioneered widespread gas chromatography-mass spectrometry screening.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advancements in analytical techniques for detecting performance-enhancing substances in sports.
• To highlight the role of mass spectrometry in improving detection limits and interpretation.
• To discuss the integration of new technologies for equitable anti-doping measures.

Main Methods:

• Gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
• Advancements including tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) and quadrupole ion traps.
• High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) for peptide hormone analysis.
• Analysis of oligosaccharide structures for recombinant glycoprotein detection.
• Direct measurement of steroid conjugates using HPLC/MS/MS.

Main Results:

• Mass spectrometry, particularly GC/MS, has significantly decreased detection limits for banned substances.
• HPLC/MS enables the detection and confirmation of peptide hormones in urine samples.
• Analysis of oligosaccharide structures offers a novel approach to identify glycoprotein doping.
• HPLC/MS/MS allows for the direct assessment of steroid conjugates and their metabolites.
• Technological progress supports the development of interpretive frameworks for doping control.

Conclusions:

• Modern mass spectrometry techniques are crucial for effective anti-doping efforts in sports.
• Continued technological innovation is essential for staying ahead of evolving doping practices.
• Considering individual metabolic differences is vital for establishing equitable detection thresholds.