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Human papillomavirus and human disease

K R Beutner1, S Tyring

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, USA.

The American Journal of Medicine
|May 5, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can cause warts and serious cancers like cervical cancer. While HPV infection alone doesn't cause cancer, viral gene products and cofactors like smoking are implicated in malignant transformation.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are linked to various diseases, including common and genital warts.
  • Certain high-risk HPV types, such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, are associated with significant malignancies, notably cervical and anal cancers.
  • These high-risk HPV types have demonstrated the ability to immortalize cells in vitro, unlike HPV types linked to benign lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types and the development of various diseases.
  • To investigate the role of high-risk HPV types in cellular immortalization and potential oncogenesis.
  • To understand the factors contributing to malignant transformation in the context of HPV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on HPV infections and associated diseases.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the effects of HPV DNA, specifically HPV-16 and HPV-18, on cell cultures.
  • Examination of research on the mechanisms of malignant transformation involving viral gene products (E6 and E7) and cellular proteins.

Main Results:

  • High-risk HPV types, frequently found in cervical cancer, can immortalize cells in laboratory settings.
  • Malignant transformation is thought to involve viral E6 and E7 gene products interfering with cell growth regulatory proteins.
  • HPV infection alone is insufficient for cancer development; cofactors like cigarette smoking may be necessary.

Conclusions:

  • The increasing diagnosis of genital HPV infections and the high mortality rate of cervical cancer underscore the potential seriousness of HPV.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which high-risk HPV types contribute to cancer.
  • Understanding cofactors and viral mechanisms is crucial for preventing HPV-related malignancies.

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