Olmsted syndrome: report of a new case

We report the case of a 20-year-old man, who was born with an intense erythema of the genital area, unresponsive to any treatment employed. When he was 9 months old, he presented with well-defined hyperkeratotic erythematous plaques around the mouth, eyes, nose, and perianal area, with similar plaques on the lateral aspect of the neck and axillae. At the same time the erythema of the genital area became hyperkeratotic. When he was 2 years old, he presented with a disabling palmoplantar keratoderma, initially focal, and later diffuse, also unresponsive to local or systemic treatments employed. The lesions have varied during the course of the disease without ever clearing completely. The axillary and inguinal plaques have shown spontaneous resolution on occasion. Six skin biopsies have been performed with no conclusive histological diagnosis of any of the typical disorders of keratinization. All treatments, topical and systemic, including etretinate and acitretin, have failed to improve the condition. We believe that this patient has Olmsted syndrome, a rare form of palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratotic plaques.