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Rapid saccular aneurysm induction by elastase application in vitro

L Miskolczi1, L R Guterman, J D Flaherty

  • 1Toshiba Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, USA.

Neurosurgery
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
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Researchers developed a new saccular aneurysm model using elastase to study aneurysm formation and rupture. This reproducible method creates histologically authentic aneurysms for testing therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Aneurysms pose significant health risks, necessitating better models for study.
  • Current in vitro and in vivo models have limitations in replicating aneurysm characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel in vitro saccular aneurysm model using elastase.
  • To create a reproducible in vivo model for testing endovascular therapies.
  • To investigate aneurysm initiation, growth, and rupture mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Excised porcine and ovine carotid arteries were subjected to various elastase delivery methods.
  • Arteries were placed in a saline-filled flow chamber with pulsatile flow for up to 48 hours.
  • Aneurysm development and rupture were monitored via video and validated with histology.

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Main Results:

  • Topical elastase application (>1 U/mm2) induced saccular aneurysms, with 5/8 rupturing within 48 hours.
  • Intraluminal infusion (0.1 U/mm2) resulted in fusiform aneurysms.
  • Histology showed reduced cellularity and stretched collagen at saccular aneurysm domes.

Conclusions:

  • A reproducible method for inducing saccular, bifurcation-type aneurysms in arterial specimens was established.
  • The elastase-induced aneurysms are histologically similar to natural aneurysms.
  • The findings suggest a role for enzymatic damage in aneurysm formation and rapid growth.