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Tonic vergence and vergence adaptation

M Rosenfield1

  • 1Department of Vision Sciences, State University of New York, State College of Optometry, New York, USA.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
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Tonic vergence (TV), the eye convergence without visual stimulus, is approximately 23 degrees, not the previously assumed meter angles. Vergence adaptation, a prolonged decay of slow fusional response, significantly impacts binocular vision measurements.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • The resting convergence of the eyes without visual stimulus, termed tonic vergence (TV), was previously estimated using meter angles (MA).
  • This estimation did not account for the anatomical position of rest, leading to inaccuracies in understanding TV's true value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately define and measure tonic vergence (TV).
  • To investigate the relationship between TV and distance heterophoria.
  • To explore the phenomenon of vergence adaptation and its impact on binocular vision assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and laboratory measurement techniques for tonic vergence.
  • Analysis of vergence adaptation, focusing on the decay rate of slow fusional vergence response.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of factors influencing vergence adaptation, including age and oculomotor imbalance.

    • Main Results:

    • The true typical value of tonic vergence (TV) is approximately 23 degrees.
    • Vergence adaptation results from the slow decay of the slow fusional vergence response, not a change in tonic innervation.
    • The decay of slow fusional vergence can take hours to days, significantly affecting heterophoria measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • Tonic vergence is a crucial parameter in binocular vision, distinct from previous meter angle estimations.
    • Vergence adaptation significantly influences sustained vergence responses and requires consideration in clinical assessments.
    • The slow fusional vergence mechanism's output, reflected in vergence adaptation, is a major contributor to overall vergence response in visually normal individuals.