[Ethical problems in molecular genetics and their reflection in clinical medicine]

There are at least two groups of issues connected with an impact of a realization of the "Human Genome Project": a) philosophical; b) ethical, which can be divided into four groups: 1) the influence of DNA technologies on everyday applications of bioethical principles; 2) ethical aspects of genetic diversity; 3) ethical aspects of genetic screening; 4) somatic and germ-cell gene therapy; Unlike essential philosophical issues practical realization of issues in question can be largely expressed as only revitalization of old ones and concerns: the principle of justice-equal access and priorities; protection of reproductive choices; disclosure to patients and to relatives at genetic risk (disclosure and exclusion tests); prenatal diagnosis for "mild to moderate" diseases with and without genetic indication-commercialization; insurance policy; non-directive and directive genetic counseling. Maybe there are regional and other differences, but in practice, the main ethical issues are likely to involve screening for genetic risk of common diseases of adult life e.g. hypertension, diabetes, gout, dyslipoproteinemia, genes for premature atherosclerosis, etc. because of the possible direct impact on a patient, an implication for life-insurance, employers and commercial exploitation.