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Related Experiment Videos

Evolution of B2 repeats: the muroid explosion

D H Kass1, J Kim, A Rao

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112, USA.

Genetica
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

B2 repeats, a type of short interspersed element (SINE), underwent massive amplification in muroid rodents like rats and mice. This expansion occurred both before and after species divergence, leading to distinct B2 subfamilies.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are mobile genetic components found in eukaryotic genomes.
  • B2 repeats are a rodent-specific SINE family with significant copy number variations across genera.
  • Understanding SINE amplification patterns provides insights into genome evolution and dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify B2 repeat copy numbers across diverse rodent genera.
  • To investigate the timing and patterns of B2 element amplification.
  • To explore the evolutionary relationship between B2 repeats and rodent diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics analysis of rodent genomes.
  • Quantitative assessment of B2 repeat copy numbers using sequence data.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Phylogenetic analysis to infer amplification timing.

    • Main Results:

    • Muroid rodents (rat, mouse, hamster, gerbil) exhibit high B2 repeat copy numbers (80,000-100,000 per haploid genome).
    • Squirrels and Hystricognath rodents (guinea pig, nutria) show significantly lower B2 repeat copy numbers (<2,500).
    • Distinct B2 subfamilies in murid and cricetid rodents suggest amplification post-divergence, while conserved copy numbers suggest pre-divergence amplification.

    Conclusions:

    • B2 element amplification experienced a significant 'explosion' specifically within muroid rodents.
    • The amplification of B2 repeats occurred both prior to and following the divergence of muroid species.
    • Recent, parallel amplification within muroid genomes is supported by distinct B2 subfamilies and preferential transcription in specific cell types.