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A non-destructive dental method for age estimation

S Kvaal1, T Solheim

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway.

The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Dental radiographs offer a new method for adult age estimation. Formulas derived from tooth measurements, particularly pulp-to-root ratios, provide accurate chronological age calculations in forensic and archaeological contexts.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Odontology
  • Anthropology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Dental age estimation typically relies on methods other than radiographs.
  • Adult age estimation using dental features remains challenging, especially in forensic and archaeological contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate formulae for calculating chronological age in adults using dental radiographs.
  • To investigate age-related changes in tooth and radiograph measurements for improved age estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 452 extracted, unsectioned incisors, canines, and premolars.
  • Measurement of apical translucent zone and periodontal retraction on teeth.
  • Measurement of pulp and root dimensions on dental radiographs.
  • Calculation of pulp-to-root ratios and application of multiple regression analyses.

Main Results:

  • Significant negative correlations were found between age and pulp-to-root width ratios across all tooth types.
  • Periodontal retraction showed significant correlation with age in maxillary premolars only.
  • Multiple regression formulae achieved correlation coefficients (r) from 0.48 to 0.90 for calculated versus chronological age, with premolars showing the strongest correlations.

Conclusions:

  • Radiographic measurements, particularly pulp-to-root ratios, provide a viable method for adult dental age estimation.
  • The derived formulae are suitable for forensic and archaeological cases involving loose or extractable teeth that are not sectioned.
  • Further research may refine these methods for broader application in age assessment.

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