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Decreased potassium stimulates bone resorption

D A Bushinsky1, D R Riordon, J S Chan

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York 14642, USA.

The American Journal of Physiology
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
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Low extracellular potassium (K+) significantly increases calcium efflux from bone by stimulating osteoclastic activity and inhibiting osteoblastic function, potentially via reduced intracellular pH.

Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Mineral metabolism
  • Cell physiology

Background:

  • Metabolic acidosis impacts bone calcium balance by altering osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity.
  • Potassium citrate, unlike sodium citrate, can reduce urinary calcium in humans.
  • Potassium deprivation is linked to increased urinary calcium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct effect of reduced extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]) on bone calcium efflux (JCa+) and cellular activity at a constant pH.
  • To determine if low [K+] influences osteoblastic collagen synthesis and osteoclastic beta-glucuronidase release.

Main Methods:

  • Neonatal mouse calvariae were cultured in media with varying [K+] (4 mM, 3 mM, 2 mM, 1 mM) for 48 hours.
  • Measurements included net calcium efflux (JCa+), osteoblastic collagen synthesis, and osteoclastic beta-glucuronidase release.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells cultured in low [K+].

    • Main Results:

    • Extremely low K+ (1 mM) significantly increased JCa+, osteoclastic beta-glucuronidase release, and decreased osteoblastic collagen synthesis compared to control (4 mM).
    • Mildly low (3 mM) and very low (2 mM) K+ did not significantly alter these parameters.
    • Reduced [K+] (1 mM) in osteoblastic cells led to a significant decrease in intracellular pH (pHi).

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced extracellular potassium concentration stimulates net calcium efflux from bone.
    • This effect is associated with increased osteoclastic resorption and decreased osteoblastic formation.
    • A decrease in intracellular pH may mediate the cellular responses to low extracellular potassium.