Effect of a low protein diet on the energy metabolism of growing chickens

Two slaughter experiments were carried out to determine whether the protein content of the diet has an influence upon the efficiency of utilization of ME in fast growing chickens. A normal-protein diet (NPD, 204 g CP/kg DM: 14.7 MJ ME/kg DM) based on soybean meal as the sole source of protein was given at four different levels of intake (ad libitum or restricted at about 90, 65 and 40% ad lib) to 10-d-old animals for 2 weeks. In a parallel experiment the chickens were fed ad libitum a low protein diet (LPD, 66 g CP/kg DM: 15.0 MJ ME/kg DM) based on soybean meal. The intake of metabolizable energy ranged from 1675 to 777 and 1770 to 832 kJ/kgW0.75 per day for NPD and LPD treatments, respectively. Mean values of energy retention, gross efficiency of energy utilization and energy retained as protein were significantly (P < .05) lower and heat production (expressed as both kJ/kgW0.75 per day and kJ/kg body protein content0.75 per day) was significantly higher (P < .05) for the chickens fed on LPD. These findings support the concept of dietary-induced thermogenesis in response to reductions in dietary protein concentration. It is concluded that the increased heat production found in the birds fed on the low-protein diet can be explained by both an increase in energy requirements for maintenance (MEm) and a sharp decrease in the efficiency of utilization of ME of growth (k(g)).