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Extrapulmonary pneumocystosis

V L Ng1, D M Yajko, W K Hadley

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA. ng@pangloss.ucsf.edu

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Extrapulmonary pneumocystosis, a rare complication of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), has increased significantly with the HIV epidemic. This review details its occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment in both HIV-infected and non-HIV individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Extrapulmonary pneumocystosis is a rare complication of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).
  • Prior to the HIV epidemic, only 16 cases were reported; since the epidemic, over 90 cases have been documented.
  • The review covers the history, taxonomy, and epidemiology of Pneumocystis carinii.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis in HIV-infected individuals.
  • To contrast clinical features in HIV-infected versus non-HIV-infected individuals.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods, including microscopic morphology, and treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis.
  • Analysis of incidence data in HIV-infected populations.

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  • Summary and comparison of clinical features and diagnostic findings.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant increase in extrapulmonary pneumocystosis cases since the HIV-1 epidemic.
    • Occurrence of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis despite prophylaxis in HIV-infected individuals.
    • Distinct clinical presentations in HIV-infected versus non-HIV-infected patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Extrapulmonary pneumocystosis is more common in HIV-infected individuals, even with prophylaxis.
    • Accurate diagnosis relies on recognizing characteristic microscopic morphology.
    • Understanding clinical features and diagnostic methods is crucial for patient management.