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Set-aside cells in maximal indirect development: evolutionary and developmental significance

K J Peterson1, R A Cameron, E H Davidson

  • 1Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Marine invertebrate larvae develop from fixed-fate embryonic cells, with adults arising from specialized set-aside cells. This indirect development strategy, common in many phyla, highlights evolutionary links between larval forms and adult body plan diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Marine Invertebrate Zoology

Background:

  • Maximal indirect development in marine invertebrates involves embryonic cell lineages with fixed fates forming larval structures.
  • Adult structures in these taxa originate from set-aside cells within the larva, which are sequestered from early embryonic specification and retain proliferative capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the locations and developmental fates of set-aside cells in representative protostomes (lophophorate) and deuterostomes.
  • To explore the evolutionary implications of set-aside cell populations in the diversification of adult body plans across different phyla.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative review of existing literature on cell lineage and development in marine invertebrates.
  • Analysis of set-aside cell locations and fates in selected lophophorate and deuterostome species.

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Main Results:

  • Homologous set-aside cells within homologous larvae give rise to the distinct adult body plans of numerous phyla.
  • The diversity of adult body plans reflects varied pattern formation processes within these set-aside cell populations.
  • Ancestral deuterostome and protostome lineages, including those leading to chordates and arthropods, likely employed maximal indirect development.

Conclusions:

  • Set-aside cells are a conserved developmental mechanism underlying the evolution of diverse adult body plans in marine invertebrates.
  • Maximal indirect development, utilizing set-aside cells, was likely ancestral to major animal lineages, including chordates and arthropods, despite their direct development.