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Related Experiment Videos

Prospective memory and divided attention

H Otani1, J D Landau, T M Libkuman

  • 1Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant 48859, USA. Hajime.Otani@CMICH.EDU

Memory (Hove, England)
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
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Event-based prospective memory tasks appear automatic, as performance remained unaffected by concurrent task difficulty. This suggests automatic processing, even when prospective memory task demands were increased.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Automaticity in memory is characterized by processes that occur without intention or conscious effort.
  • Hasher and Zacks (1979) proposed criteria for automatic processing, including independence from attentional resources.
  • Prospective memory involves remembering to perform an intended action at a future time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if event-based prospective memory tasks meet the criteria for automaticity.
  • To investigate the impact of concurrent task processing demands on prospective memory performance.
  • To examine whether prospective memory performance is influenced by variations in target specificity and number.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments embedded an event-based prospective memory task (target word detection) within a short-term memory task (word recall).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Concurrent task difficulty was manipulated by varying the number of digits (0-6) or using a single word for repetition.
  • Short-term memory performance served as a measure of concurrent task load.

    • Main Results:

    • Short-term memory performance was significantly impaired by increased concurrent task difficulty.
    • Prospective memory performance remained unaffected by concurrent task load across all experiments.
    • Increasing prospective task difficulty (target specificity, number of targets) did not alter this pattern.

    Conclusions:

    • Event-based prospective memory, as tested, appears to operate automatically, consistent with Hasher and Zacks' criteria.
    • Prospective memory performance is resilient to significant increases in concurrent processing demands.
    • The findings support the notion of automatic processing underlying event-based prospective memory.