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Differences in intentional retrieval during inclusion and exclusion tasks

J De Houwer1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium. Jan.DeHouwer@psy.kuleuven.ac.be

Memory (Hove, England)
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

The process dissociation approach

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The process dissociation approach is a key method for studying memory retrieval.
  • It assumes intentional retrieval processes are consistent across inclusion and exclusion tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the validity of the process dissociation approach's core assumption.
  • To examine how task instructions influence intentional retrieval processes.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed word stem tasks under inclusion or exclusion conditions.
  • Recall of studied words and stem completion latencies were measured.
  • Task instructions were varied (Experiment 1: equal importance; Experiment 2: exclusion as creativity test).

Main Results:

  • When exclusion was framed as a creativity test, recall was higher in inclusion than exclusion trials.
  • Completion latencies were longer in inclusion trials, indicating greater retrieval effort.
  • Even when instructed otherwise, participants showed more retrieval effort in inclusion trials.

Conclusions:

  • The assumption of consistent retrieval processes in the process dissociation approach is not universally tenable.
  • Task framing and implicit effort influence memory retrieval outcomes.
  • Findings necessitate a re-evaluation of the process dissociation method in cognitive research.

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