PCR amplification of DNA from malaria parasites on fixed and stained thick and thin blood films

Under some circumstances, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from Plasmodium may become necessary from infections for which only blood slides are available. Established methods used for DNA preparation do not work in that case. We have developed a reliable and controlled method for DNA preparation from malaria parasites on fixed and stained blood films. 162 slides from 2 different locations, some stored for at least one year, have been analysed by PCR amplification of the polymorphic loci for MSA1 and MSA2. In 92% of microscopically positive slides, a PCR product could be detected using material derived from thick blood films. When thin blood films with scanty parasitaemia were used, a PCR product could be obtained with only 71% of samples. In all unsuccessful cases, DNA preparation was the limiting factor, which was controlled for by amplification of a control human template.