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Related Experiment Videos

Vaccination against echinococcus in perspective

D D Heath1, B Holcman

  • 1AgResearch, Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand. heathdd@agresearch.cri.nz

Acta Tropica
|September 15, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Vaccinating intermediate hosts like sheep against Echinococcus granulosus significantly reduces hydatid disease. A novel vaccine targeting oncosphere proteins offers a cost-effective, long-lasting solution for controlling echinococcosis transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Molecular Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human echinococcosis is a significant public health concern, primarily transmitted through Echinococcus granulosus.
  • Current control strategies rely on treating definitive hosts (dogs) and managing intermediate hosts (livestock), which are often challenging and prolonged.
  • Developing effective vaccines for intermediate hosts is crucial for interrupting the parasite's life cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel vaccine for intermediate hosts to control Echinococcus granulosus infection.
  • To identify and characterize key proteins from E. granulosus oncospheres for vaccine development.
  • To assess the efficacy, duration, and shelf-life of the developed vaccine.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Isolation and expression of a specific E. granulosus oncosphere protein gene in E. coli.
  • Production of a fusion protein (oncosphere protein-GST) for vaccination trials.
  • Immunization of sheep with oncosphere secretions, homogenates, purified protein, and the fusion protein.
  • Challenge infection studies to assess vaccine efficacy and resistance.
  • In vitro studies using monoclonal antibodies to validate target protein function.

    • Main Results:

    • Immunization with oncosphere secretions/homogenate induced 99% resistance; purified protein yielded 92% resistance.
    • The fusion protein vaccine demonstrated high efficacy, conferring 97% and 98% resistance in two trials.
    • The vaccine exhibits a shelf-life of at least 12 months, and immunity persists for over 12 months after two doses.
    • A homologous gene was identified in Echinococcus multilocularis, suggesting broader applicability.

    Conclusions:

    • A recombinant fusion protein vaccine targeting E. granulosus oncospheres is highly effective in intermediate hosts.
    • This vaccine offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional hydatid control methods.
    • The vaccine has significant potential for integration into hydatid control programs to reduce disease transmission.