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Neuroendocrine asymmetry
1Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
|July 1, 1997
Summary
Neuroendocrine system exhibits asymmetry across various levels, including brain structures and peripheral glands. This asymmetry, evident in morphology and function, varies by species, sex, and age, particularly in the central nervous system-gonadal axis.
Area of Science:
- Neuroendocrinology
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Asymmetry is a fundamental principle observed from elementary particles to complex biological systems like the human brain.
- Cerebral lateralization is a well-documented example of biological asymmetry.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize existing data on neuroendocrine system asymmetry.
- To explore asymmetries in gonads, adrenals, thyroid, and related brain structures.
- To examine the role of neural pathways in neuroendocrine asymmetry.
Main Methods:
- Review of published data from the past decades.
- Analysis of morphological, biochemical, and physiological asymmetries.
- Inclusion of clinical observations and studies on peripheral endocrine gland innervation.
Main Results:
- Significant asymmetries (morphological, biochemical, physiological, pathological) are evident at multiple neuroendocrine levels.
- The central nervous system-gonadal axis shows pronounced asymmetry, particularly in rats, with right-sided brain structure predominance.
- Asymmetries extend to gonads and their innervation, becoming fixed after sexual maturation.
Conclusions:
- Neuroendocrine asymmetry is a widespread phenomenon affecting the limbic system, hypothalamus, peripheral glands, and their innervation.
- Species, sex, and age influence neuroendocrine asymmetry patterns.
- Neural pathways, in addition to hormonal signaling, play a crucial role in mediating neuroendocrine asymmetry.