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Embryonic origin of preimplantation factor (PIF): biological activity and partial characterization
R G Roussev1, C B Coulam, B D Kaider
1Center for Human Reproduction, Chicago, IL, USA.
Molecular Human Reproduction
|November 1, 1996
Summary
Preimplantation factor (PIF) originates from viable human and mouse embryos, confirmed by the lymphocyte/platelet binding assay. This low molecular weight protein is crucial for understanding early pregnancy recognition.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology
- Embryology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Preimplantation factor (PIF) is detected in early pregnancy serum, but its source remains unknown.
- Understanding PIF's origin is key to comprehending maternal recognition of pregnancy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the embryonal origin of PIF.
- To perform partial characterization of PIF.
- To differentiate PIF from platelet-activating factor (PAF) and chaperonin 10.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of human and mouse embryo culture media using the lymphocyte/platelet binding assay (LPBA).
- Investigating the effects of PAF and chaperonin 10 on PIF activity.
- Partial purification of PIF via gel filtration, HPLC, and mass spectrometry.
Main Results:
- PIF was detected in concentrated media from viable human embryos and in media with multiple mouse embryos from the morula to blastocyst stages.
- PIF activity increased with embryo development.
- PAF and chaperonin 10 did not affect PIF activity, and chromatographic data indicated PIF is a low molecular weight protein.
Conclusions:
- PIF is a low molecular weight protein derived from viable preimplantation embryos.
- PIF is distinct from PAF and chaperonin 10.
- Further characterization of PIF will enhance understanding of early pregnancy and implantation.