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Using cluster analysis to develop a healing typology in vascular ulcers

M Johnson1

  • 1Centre for Applied Nursing Research, Liverpool, Australia.

Journal of Vascular Nursing : Official Publication of the Society for Peripheral Vascular Nursing
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
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This study identified three patient profiles for leg ulcer healing: rapid, slow, and non-healers. These clinical profiles, based on specific patient factors, aid nurses in assessing healing potential.

Area of Science:

  • Wound healing research
  • Vascular medicine
  • Nursing assessment

Background:

  • Developing a clinical typology for leg ulcer healing is crucial for effective patient assessment by nurses.
  • Understanding variations in healing potential among older adults with different types of leg ulcers is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a clinically meaningful typology of leg ulcer healing.
  • To identify similarities in healing characteristics among older individuals with venous, venous-arterial, and arterial leg ulcers.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive correlational design was employed with 156 older patients.
  • Hierarchical clustering (Ward's method) and nonhierarchical techniques (ANOVA) were used.
  • Data included ankle/brachial pressure index, liposclerosis, edema, wound characteristics, and ulcer area measured by topographic mapping.

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Main Results:

  • Three distinct clusters emerged based on ankle/brachial pressure index, liposclerosis, edema, and wound characteristics.
  • Cluster analysis indicated significant differences in initial ulcer area among the groups (p < 0.013).
  • While clinical differences were apparent, statistically significant differences in the rate of healing between groups were not found at the 0.05 level.

Conclusions:

  • A potential healing typology was formed, categorizing patients into rapid healers, slow healers, and nonhealers.
  • This typology assists nurses in assessing patients' healing potential and tailoring care.
  • Further research on clustering factors and their impact on healing times is warranted to support the typology's utility.