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Pinching in longitudinal and alternate osteons during cyclic loading

A Ascenzi1, M G Ascenzi, A Benvenuti

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Journal of Biomechanics
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Pinching in osteons, a material degradation, is caused by lesions like cracks or bond breakdown. Longitudinal osteons show more pinching than alternate ones due to fibril orientation and protection.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Pinching is a material degradation phenomenon observed under cyclic loading.
  • It is characterized by a change in the slope of the deflection curve, indicating lesions such as flexural cracks or bond degradation.
  • Understanding pinching is crucial for assessing the mechanical integrity of materials, especially biological tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of pinching in fully calcified osteonic samples.
  • To compare the pinching behavior between longitudinal and alternate osteons under axial loading.
  • To analyze the stress-strain diagrams and energy absorption to understand the underlying mechanisms of pinching.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated 20 longitudinal and 18 alternate fully calcified osteon samples (500 micron length).

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  • Applied axial loading beyond the proportional limit using an electromechanical device.
  • Utilized a microwave micrometer to measure length variations and a cubic polynomial model to analyze stress-strain diagrams.

    • Main Results:

    • The hysteretic behavior of longitudinal and alternate osteons differs significantly and deviates from ideal models.
    • Pinching in osteons is linked to the yielding of longitudinal fibrils, particularly incompletely calcified ones.
    • Longitudinal osteons exhibit magnified pinching lesions due to less protection from transverse fibrils, while alternate osteons show lessened lesions.

    Conclusions:

    • The orientation and protection of collagen fibrils significantly influence pinching behavior in osteons.
    • Longitudinal osteons are more susceptible to pinching degradation compared to alternate osteons.
    • The findings provide insights into the mechanical failure mechanisms of bone and other fibrillar biomaterials.