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Pinching in longitudinal and alternate osteons during cyclic loading

A Ascenzi¹, M G Ascenzi, A Benvenuti

¹Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Journal of Biomechanics

|July 1, 1997

Summary

Pinching in osteons, a material degradation, is caused by lesions like cracks or bond breakdown. Longitudinal osteons show more pinching than alternate ones due to fibril orientation and protection.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomechanics
Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

Pinching is a material degradation phenomenon observed under cyclic loading.
It is characterized by a change in the slope of the deflection curve, indicating lesions such as flexural cracks or bond degradation.
Understanding pinching is crucial for assessing the mechanical integrity of materials, especially biological tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phenomenon of pinching in fully calcified osteonic samples.
To compare the pinching behavior between longitudinal and alternate osteons under axial loading.
To analyze the stress-strain diagrams and energy absorption to understand the underlying mechanisms of pinching.

Main Methods:

Investigated 20 longitudinal and 18 alternate fully calcified osteon samples (500 micron length).
Applied axial loading beyond the proportional limit using an electromechanical device.
Utilized a microwave micrometer to measure length variations and a cubic polynomial model to analyze stress-strain diagrams.

Main Results:

The hysteretic behavior of longitudinal and alternate osteons differs significantly and deviates from ideal models.
Pinching in osteons is linked to the yielding of longitudinal fibrils, particularly incompletely calcified ones.
Longitudinal osteons exhibit magnified pinching lesions due to less protection from transverse fibrils, while alternate osteons show lessened lesions.

Conclusions:

The orientation and protection of collagen fibrils significantly influence pinching behavior in osteons.
Longitudinal osteons are more susceptible to pinching degradation compared to alternate osteons.
The findings provide insights into the mechanical failure mechanisms of bone and other fibrillar biomaterials.