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A high-frequency shear device for testing soft biological tissues

K B Arbogast1, K L Thibault, B S Pinheiro

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6392, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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A new shear testing apparatus (STA) directly measures soft tissue properties at high frequencies. This advancement improves data for realistic numerical simulations of soft tissue injury.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate mechanical properties of soft tissues at high frequencies are crucial for simulating soft tissue injury.
  • Existing commercial systems and previous custom apparatuses have limitations in directly measuring these properties at high loading rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel oscillatory shear testing apparatus (STA) for direct measurement of soft biological tissue properties in simple shear at high frequencies.
  • To overcome limitations of indirect measurement methods that rely on analytical corrections for inertial effects.

Main Methods:

  • A custom-designed oscillatory shear testing apparatus (STA) was constructed.
  • Soft biological tissue simulants (silicone gel mixtures) were tested.
  • Material properties were measured directly through mechanical means by selecting appropriate sample thickness.

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  • Measurements were conducted over a dynamic frequency range of 20-200 Hz.
  • Results were validated against a commercial solids rheometer.

    • Main Results:

    • The STA successfully performed direct measurements of material properties at high frequencies without analytical inertial adjustments.
    • Frequency-dependent complex shear modulus measurements obtained with the STA were within 10% of those from a commercial rheometer for all tested silicone gel mixtures.
    • The apparatus demonstrated reliable characterization of viscoelastic properties in the range of soft biological tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed STA offers a significant improvement over existing shear testing methods for soft viscoelastic materials.
    • It provides direct measurement of shear behavior at high frequencies, essential for accurate modeling.
    • The data generated will enhance the realism of numerical simulations of biological structures and injury mechanisms.