Variability in cytotoxicity and fluoride release of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements

New-generation glass-ionomer cements contain resin to improve their restorative properties. These resin-modified glass-ionomer cements vary considerably in their chemistry, which could result in corresponding variability in their physical and biological properties. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and the fluoride release of two resin-modified glass ionomers, a conventional glass-ionomer cement, and a resin composite. Samples were prepared and extracted in distilled water for 1, 4, and 7 days; eluates were filtered and tested by means of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Cytotoxicity (MTT assay) values were low for all materials and extraction times, indicating minimal cytotoxicity of all materials (less than 30% inhibition). Cytotoxicity of one resin-modified glass ionomer was significantly higher than for the other materials (p < 0.001). One resin-modified glass ionomer and the conventional glass-ionomer cement released significantly more fluoride at each time interval (p < 0.001) than the other resin-modified glass-ionomer cement and the resin composite. Fluoride release and cytotoxicity were correlated (r2 = 0.60; p < 0.001), although the fluoride release does not account for the cytotoxicity observed. Cytotoxicity and fluoride release suggest that one hybrid behaved more like a conventional glass ionomer, and the other like a resin composite. These differences may have implications for material selection in specific clinical situations.