Plasma hyaluronidase activity in mucolipidoses II and III: marked differences from other lysosomal enzymes

A nearly pathognomonic finding of the lysosomal storage disorders mucolipidoses II and III is the marked increase of plasma lysosomal enzyme activities. The genetic lesion in ML II and III causes defective function of the enzyme UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. Defective function of this enzyme results in deficient phosphorylation of lysosomal enzyme asparagine-linked oligosaccharides and a consequent misrouting of many newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes. These enzymes are secreted from cells instead of being targeted to lysosomes, with resultant marked elevations of multiple lysosomal enzyme activities in plasma. We report here that plasma hyaluronidase activity, an endoglycosidase of presumably lysosomal origin, is not increased in the plasma from individuals with mucolipidoses II and III, unlike most lysosomal enzymes. Our data suggest the possibility that hyaluronidase is not targeted to lysosomes by a lysosomal enzyme phosphosmannosyl recognition mechanism. Alternatively, hyaluronidase activity may not be present in the cell type(s) responsible for the lysosomal enzyme hypersecretion in mucolipidoses II and III which, along with its deficiency in fibroblasts and leukocytes, would constitute an unusual tissue distribution of activity for a soluble lysosomal enzyme.