Epiretinal membrane formation in Terson syndrome

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Retinal Diseases
• Vitreoretinal Surgery

Background:

• Terson syndrome is a condition involving vitreous hemorrhage and potential retinal complications.
• Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) can develop secondary to various ocular conditions, including Terson syndrome.
• The relationship between posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and ERM formation in Terson syndrome requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the clinical features and intraoperative characteristics of epiretinal membranes in patients with Terson syndrome.
• To correlate the presence and morphology of epiretinal membranes with the status of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
• To classify epiretinal membrane formation in Terson syndrome based on PVD status.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 22 eyes from 13 patients with Terson syndrome treated with pars plana vitrectomy.
• Intraoperative evaluation of epiretinal membrane shape and localization.
• Correlation of intraoperative findings with the presence or absence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
• Postoperative follow-up for patients with complete PVD and no intraoperative membrane.

Main Results:

• Epiretinal membrane formation occurred in 13 of 22 eyes.
• Incomplete PVD was associated with ERMs at the optic disc or temporal vascular arcades, often with retinal folds and vascular tortuosity.
• Three eyes with incomplete PVD experienced massive tractional retinal detachment.
• Five eyes with complete PVD developed thin ERMs around the posterior pole, becoming more apparent over time.

Conclusions:

• Epiretinal membrane formation in Terson syndrome can be categorized into two groups: those with complete PVD and those with incomplete PVD.
• Multiple pathological processes at the vitreoretinal interface contribute to ERM development in Terson syndrome.
• Understanding the PVD status is crucial for predicting and managing ERM formation in Terson syndrome.