Analysis of Complexation Equilibria of Polyacrylic Acid by a Donnan-Based Concept

Complexation equilibria of uni- and divalent metal ions (Ag+, Ca2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+) with polyacrylic acid (PAA) have been studied at various degrees of dissociation (alpha) of PAA under different sodium salt concentration levels at 25°C. Both pH and pM(MZ+ = Ag+, Ca2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+) of equilibrium mixture solutions of MZ+/PAA/Na+ (excess) have been determined concurrently by a potentiometric titration method. The electrostatic effect inherent in the polyion-metal ion binding equilibria has been evaluated by a Donnan-based concept and is corrected for by the use of a nonideality term of acid dissociation equilibria of the polyacid as a probe. For Ag+-PAA and Ca2+-PAA bindings, only monodentate ligand complexes, (MA)(Z-1), have proven to be formed, whereas for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ion bindings, formation of both monodentate and bidentate ligand complexes have been observed. For both Cu2+-PAA and Pb2+-PAA systems, bidentate carboxylate complex formation is predominant at alpha > ca. 0.3, whereas at alpha < ca. 0.3, formation of monodentate carboxylate complexes becomes appreciable as alpha decreases. Stability constants of these complexes together with the intra-molecular complexation equilibrium constants expressed by the ratio of the concentrations of bidentate complexes to monodentate complexes have successfully been evaluated and are compared with each other in order to discuss the multidentate complexation properties of the polycarboxylic acid.