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The changing cigarette

D Hoffmann1, M V Djordjevic, I Hoffmann

  • 1American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.

Preventive Medicine
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Changes in cigarette composition have altered smoke chemistry, potentially explaining the differing rates of lung cancer types. Increased tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) may drive adenocarcinoma, while reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) might explain slower squamous cell carcinoma increases.

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Area of Science:

  • Tobacco Science
  • Cancer Epidemiology
  • Chemical Toxicology

Background:

  • Epidemiologic surveys show rising lung adenocarcinoma but slower increases in squamous cell carcinoma among smokers.
  • Changes in cigarette design and smoking behaviors are hypothesized to influence these differing lung cancer trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how modifications in cigarette composition and resulting smoke chemistry influence the incidence of major lung cancer histologic types.

Main Methods:

  • Sales-weighted averages of cigarette "tar" and nicotine yields were analyzed.
  • The impact of tobacco nitrate content on smoke yields of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) was examined.

Main Results:

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  • Higher tobacco nitrate content correlates with lower carcinogenic PAH yields but higher carcinogenic TSNA yields.
  • Bioassays indicate PAH induce squamous cell carcinoma, while TSNA primarily elicit adenocarcinoma.

    • Conclusions:

    • Modified cigarette chemistry, driven by product changes and nicotine-dependent smoking patterns, supports a link between PAH and TSNA exposure and lung cancer incidence.
    • Differences in exposure to PAH and TSNA may explain the divergent epidemiologic trends of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.