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Macrophages and respiratory viruses

K Van Reeth1, B Adair

  • 1Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Gent, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Pathologie-Biologie
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

This review examines how respiratory viruses like influenza A, PRRSV, PI-3, BRSV, and BVDV interact with alveolar macrophages. Different viruses impact macrophage function, influencing respiratory disease severity and immune responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Alveolar macrophages are crucial immune cells in the respiratory tract.
  • Viral infections can significantly impact macrophage function and host defense.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to managing respiratory diseases in livestock and humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between alveolar macrophages and various respiratory viruses.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which these viruses affect macrophage functions.
  • To highlight the implications for respiratory disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on viral interactions with alveolar macrophages.
  • Analysis of experimental data on viral tropism and macrophage responses.
  • Synthesis of findings on cytokine production, cellular function, and immune modulation.

Main Results:

  • Influenza A virus induces macrophage-cytokines, mediating inflammation and constitutional effects.
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) shows restricted tropism for macrophages, with unclear impacts on secondary infections.
  • Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and parainfluenza type-3 (PI-3) virus interfere with specific macrophage functions, with PI-3 also affecting lymphocyte proliferation.
  • Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) stimulates prostaglandin E2 production in monocytes-macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • Different respiratory viruses exhibit distinct interactions with alveolar macrophages.
  • These interactions can modulate immune responses and influence disease severity.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between viruses and macrophages in respiratory health.

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