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Parental divorce: effects on individual behavior and longevity

J S Tucker1, H S Friedman, J E Schwartz

  • 1Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254-9110, USA. tucker@binah.cc.brandeis.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Parental divorce in childhood is linked to a higher risk of premature death in adulthood. This increased mortality risk in men and women is partly explained by factors like divorce, education, smoking, and social engagement.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Longevity Studies

Background:

  • Parental divorce is a significant childhood adversity.
  • Previous research suggests links between childhood divorce and later life outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the long-term associations between childhood parental divorce and adult mortality.
  • To investigate psychosocial mediators influencing this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Archival prospective study design.
  • Analysis of a subgroup (N=1,261) from the Terman Life Cycle Study (1921-1991).
  • Examined associations between childhood divorce, adult mediators, and lifespan mortality.

Main Results:

  • Individuals whose parents divorced in childhood faced a higher risk of premature mortality.

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  • For men, mediators included marital dissolution, lower education, and reduced service activities.
  • For women, mediators included increased smoking and higher rates of divorce, both linked to mortality.

    • Conclusions:

    • Childhood parental divorce has lasting negative effects on personality and longevity.
    • Psychosocial factors mediate the link between parental divorce and increased mortality risk.
    • Findings highlight the enduring impact of early life experiences on long-term health and survival.