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Dorsal laminectomy techniques in the dog

T R Horne, R D Powers, S F Swaim

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |October 15, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Complete dorsal laminectomy on one vertebra or Funkquist method B on two showed no adverse effects in dogs. However, extensive complete laminectomies caused spasticity and spinal cord damage.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Surgery
    • Comparative Pathology
    • Canine Spinal Cord Anatomy

    Background:

    • Dorsal laminectomy is a surgical procedure to relieve spinal cord compression.
    • Different laminectomy techniques and extents may impact spinal cord integrity and function.
    • Understanding the biomechanical and pathological consequences of laminectomy is crucial for surgical outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the effects of complete dorsal laminectomy of varying lengths with Funkquist method B laminectomy on the canine spinal cord.
    • To evaluate the clinical, pathological, and morphological changes following different laminectomy procedures.
    • To determine the threshold for adverse effects related to the extent of dorsal laminectomy.

    Main Methods:

    • Surgical procedures included complete dorsal laminectomy on one (L1), two (L1-L2), or three (L1-L3) vertebrae, and Funkquist method B laminectomy on two (L1-L2) vertebrae in dogs.
    • Postoperative clinical assessments focused on neurological signs, particularly pelvic limb function.
    • Spinal cord morphology was evaluated for dorsoventral flattening, and microscopic damage was assessed histopathologically.

    Main Results:

    • Complete dorsal laminectomy on a single vertebra and Funkquist method B laminectomy on two vertebrae resulted in no adverse clinical signs.
    • These less extensive procedures showed no spinal cord dorsoventral flattening and minimal microscopic damage.
    • Complete dorsal laminectomy involving two or three vertebrae led to the development of tonic spasticity in the pelvic limbs, accompanied by spinal cord dorsoventral flattening and moderate to severe microscopic damage.

    Conclusions:

    • The extent of complete dorsal laminectomy significantly influences the risk of postoperative complications in dogs.
    • Funkquist method B laminectomy appears to be a safer alternative when extensive decompression is not required.
    • Minimizing the extent of dorsal laminectomy is critical to prevent neurological deficits and spinal cord injury in canine patients.

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