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Lifestyle risk factors and coronary heart disease prevalence in Indian men
1Department of Medicine, Monilek Hospital and Research Centre, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur, India.
Insights
This study found that lifestyle factors like nuclear families, crowded housing, and smoking are linked to higher coronary heart disease (CHD) rates in Indian men. Urban men had more CHD, while high fat intake showed a protective effect.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant health concern globally.
- Lifestyle factors play a crucial role in the development of CHD.
- Understanding these factors in diverse populations like India is essential for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of various lifestyle risk factors among Indian men.
- To investigate the association between these lifestyle factors and the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD).
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 3397 Indian men (1982 rural, 1415 urban).
- Data collection through doctor-administered questionnaires, physical examinations, and electrocardiography.
- CHD diagnosis based on clinical history and electrocardiographic criteria.
Main Results:
- CHD prevalence was 4.5% overall, significantly higher in urban men (6.0%) compared to rural men (3.4%).
- Positive associations with CHD were found for nuclear family, having >= 4 children, crowded housing, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking.
- An inverse association was observed with high fat intake; illiteracy, alcohol intake, non-vegetarian diet, absent prayer habit, and obesity showed no significant association.
Conclusions:
- Lifestyle factors such as nuclear family structure, crowded housing, sedentary habits, and smoking are significant risk factors for CHD in Indian men.
- Urban living appears to be associated with a higher prevalence of CHD.
- Further research into the protective mechanisms of high fat intake and targeted public health strategies are warranted.
Abstract:
To determine prevalence of various lifestyle coronary risk factors and their association with coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence we studied 3397 Indian men (1982 rural, 1415 urban). A doctor-administered questionnaire, physical examination and electrocardiography was used. CHD was diagnosed by clinical history and electrocardiographic criteria. Lifestyle risk factor prevalence was: illiteracy 1238 (36%), nuclear family 575 (17%), crowded housing (> or = 3 persons/room) 837 (25%), > or = 4 children 881 (26%), smoking 1554 (46%), alcohol intake 592 (17%), non-vegeterian diet intake 835 (25%), high fat intake 1196 (35%), absence of prayer habit 2276 (67%), absent leisure-time physical activity 2832 (83%) and obesity (body-mass index > or = 27 Kg/M2) 265 (8%). In rural as compared to urban men there was a significantly higher prevalence of illiteracy (39% vs 33%), crowded housing (30% vs 17%), smoking (51% vs 39%), alcohol intake (19% vs 15%) and high fat intake (39% vs 29%) (p < 0.01). In urban as compared to rural men the prevalence of nuclear family (28% vs 9%), > or = 4 children (29% vs 24%), non-vegetarian diet intake (35% vs 17%) and sedentary lifestyle (86% vs 81%) was more. CHD prevalence was seen in 152 (4.5%). The prevalence of CHD was significantly more in urban men (urban 6.0% vs rural 3.4%, p < 0.001). Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for CHD and lifestyle risk factors showed significant positive associations with nuclear family 1.61 (1.15-2.24), > or = 4 children 2.10 (1.51-2.93), crowded housing 1.48 (1.04-2.10), sedentary lifestyle 1.47 (1.00-2.25) and smoking 1.30 (1.00-1.80), and inverse association with high fat intake 0.42 (0.28-0.63), and not with illiteracy 0.99 (0.70-1.39), alcohol intake 0.84 (0.53-1.32), non-vegeterian diet 0.89 (0.61-1.29), absent prayer habit 1.26 (0.88-1.81), or obesity 1.42 (0.83-1.32).