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Related Experiment Videos

Antiemetics revisited

F Roila1, A Del Favero

  • 1Medical Oncology Division, Policlinico Hospital, Perugia, Italy.

Current Opinion in Oncology
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

For chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with dexamethasone is effective. Metoclopramide is cost-effective for delayed emesis, while ondansetron is an alternative, especially if acute emesis occurs.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • 5-HT3 receptor antagonists plus dexamethasone are effective for acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
  • Metoclopramide and ondansetron, combined with dexamethasone, provide similar protection against cisplatin-induced delayed emesis.
  • Ondansetron plus dexamethasone shows superiority over placebo for delayed emesis from moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of antiemetic prophylaxis for acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
  • To compare metoclopramide and ondansetron regimens for delayed emesis prevention.
  • To identify patient subgroups that may benefit from or not require antiemetic prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies on antiemetic prophylaxis for CINV.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of combination therapies including 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone.
  • Analysis of an observational study on prophylaxis based on acute emesis and nausea severity.

    • Main Results:

    • Combination of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone is highly efficacious for acute CINV.
    • Metoclopramide-dexamethasone is the preferred, cost-effective option for delayed emesis, with ondansetron-dexamethasone as a viable alternative.
    • Ondansetron-dexamethasone is superior to placebo for delayed emesis in moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.

    Conclusions:

    • Antiemetic prophylaxis is crucial for patients experiencing acute vomiting or moderate-severe nausea, given the high risk of delayed emesis.
    • Patients achieving complete acute emesis control may not need further prophylaxis.
    • Regimen choice depends on cost-effectiveness, patient presentation, and specific chemotherapy regimen.