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Gestational and pre-gestational diabetes: comparison of maternal and fetal characteristics and outcome
K O El Mallah1, H Narchi, N A Kulaylat
1Saudi Aramco-Al-Hasa Health Center, Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Mubarraz, Saudi Arabia.
Objective:
To determine the incidence of antenatal and intrapartum maternal and fetal complications of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and compare them with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (pre-GDM) and non-diabetic pregnancies in our population.
Study Design:
Nine-hundred and seventy-two women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 71 women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, and their offspring (delivered in our hospital between January 1991 and April 1994) were studied. Maternal and fetal prenatal and intrapartum complications were analyzed.
Results:
The incidence of GDM was 9.8%. The maternal complications included higher incidences of cesarean section and perineal lacerations in GDM and pre-GDM patients than in the non-diabetic pregnancies, and higher rates of macrosomia and hypoglycemic episodes in their offspring.
Conclusion:
The incidence of maternal, fetal and neonatal complications in GDM is similar to pre-GDM patients and their offspring. Both GDM and pre-GDM pregnancies and the offspring should, therefore, be monitored and managed identically.