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Previous cesarean birth. A risk factor for placenta previa?

M J McMahon1, R Li, A P Schenck

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7570, USA.

The Journal of Reproductive Medicine
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Women with a prior cesarean birth face increased placenta previa risk, especially with higher parity. This risk is significantly elevated for those with four or more births.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Perinatal Epidemiology

Background:

  • Placenta previa is a significant obstetric complication.
  • Previous cesarean birth is a known risk factor for placenta previa.
  • The impact of parity on this risk requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between prior cesarean delivery and placenta previa risk.
  • To assess the modifying effect of parity on this association.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based case-control study utilizing North Carolina birth certificate data from 1990.
  • Included 342 cases of placenta previa and 1,082 controls.
  • Logistic regression analysis adjusted for maternal age, race, abortion history, and smoking.

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Main Results:

  • Women with a previous cesarean birth and parity of 3 had 1.7 times higher odds of placenta previa.
  • Women with a previous cesarean birth and parity of 4 or more had 5.5 times higher odds of placenta previa.
  • Risk increased with higher parity among women with a prior cesarean delivery.

Conclusions:

  • A history of cesarean birth combined with parity of 3 or more is associated with an elevated risk of placenta previa.
  • Healthcare providers should consider parity in risk assessment for placenta previa in women with prior cesarean deliveries.