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Diet as a risk factor for asthma

S T Weiss1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Ciba Foundation Symposium
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Dietary factors are being explored as potential asthma risk factors. Current evidence is insufficient to confirm causality, though vitamin C shows protective effects on airway responsiveness and lung function.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Asthma prevalence and morbidity have risen despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology and treatment.
  • Changing risk factor patterns may influence current asthma trends.
  • Diet is an emerging area of investigation as a potential risk factor for asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methodological challenges in assessing diet's role in asthma.
  • To examine existing data linking dietary components to asthma, airway inflammation, and responsiveness.
  • To identify future research needs in diet and asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on diet and asthma.
  • Analysis of data concerning specific dietary constituents: infant feeding, vitamin C, sodium, magnesium, and fatty acids.

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  • Discussion of methodological issues in dietary assessment for asthma research.

    • Main Results:

    • Current data are insufficient to establish any dietary constituent as a definitive cause of asthma.
    • Vitamin C shows the most promising association, with protective effects on airway responsiveness, lung function, and asthma symptoms.
    • Other considered dietary factors (infant feeding, sodium, magnesium, fatty acids) lack sufficient evidence.

    Conclusions:

    • No specific dietary factor is currently implicated as a causal risk factor for asthma.
    • Further prospective cohort studies focusing on early childhood diet (birth to six years) are crucial.
    • Research should investigate the interplay between diet and other asthma risk factors in early life.