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Effect of maternal lifestyle on cord blood IgE factor
T Shirakawa1, K Morimoto, S Sasaki
1Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan.
Insights
Predicting and preventing atopic diseases in infants is crucial. Maternal lifestyle, including diet and avoiding allergens, significantly impacts cord blood IgE levels, a potential allergy predictor.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Perinatal Medicine
- Allergy Research
Background:
- Interest in predicting and preventing atopic diseases during pregnancy has grown.
- Elevated cord blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a potential predictor of atopy in Western children.
- The influence of maternal lifestyle during pregnancy on cord blood IgE levels is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between maternal lifestyle factors and cord blood IgE levels in Japanese pregnant women and their newborns.
- To identify maternal practices that may influence the risk of atopic disease development.
Main Methods:
- Serum samples from 1138 Japanese mother-newborn pairs were analyzed for total IgE using Pharmacia CAP system and PRIST.
- Maternal lifestyle, including dietary intake of allergens and environmental factors, was assessed via questionnaire.
- Multiple logistic analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with cord blood IgE levels.
Main Results:
- No significant correlation was found between maternal and cord blood IgE levels.
- Avoidance of simultaneous exposure to hen's egg and cow's milk, and soy, showed a reduced risk of elevated cord blood IgE.
- Healthy maternal lifestyle, including exercise, sleep, and avoiding inhalant allergens, was associated with lower cord blood IgE.
Conclusions:
- Maternal lifestyle choices during pregnancy, particularly diet and allergen avoidance, play a role in modulating cord blood IgE levels.
- Specific dietary recommendations, such as avoiding simultaneous hen's egg, cow's milk, and soy, may benefit mothers with a history of allergies or high IgE.
- Promoting healthy maternal lifestyle practices, including exercise and allergen avoidance, is a key strategy for reducing cord blood IgE and potentially preventing atopic diseases.
Abstract:
During recent decades much interest has been focused on the possibility of predicting and preventing atopic diseases during pregnancy. The idea of being able to detect a predisposition early and take suitable environmental measures in order to avoid overt allergy is an attractive position. Elevated cord IgE of around 1.0 IU/ml has been proposed as a predictor in western children. However, there remains no information about the effect of maternal lifestyle during pregnancy on these levels. Total IgE levels were therefore determined using Pharmacia CAP system and PRIST, with sensitivities of 0.01 kU/l and 0.25 kU/l, respectively, from serum samples taken from 1138 Japanese pairs of cord blood and pregnant women responding to a questionnaire regarding 17 health practices, intake of 32 food allergens and 5 environmental factors. Of these, 28 (2.5%) pairs of samples were excluded from further analysis because of high contamination of IgA (> 15.4 mg/ml) in cord blood. Median cord blood IgE was 0.286 kU/l and geometric mean IgE was 66.25 kU/l in maternal sera using CAP system; there was no significant correlation between maternal log (IgE) and cord blood IgE. Similar results were obtained from PRIST, whose correlation with CAP system was significant (r = 0.884, p < 0.001 for maternal and r = 0.765, p < 0.001 for cord blood). Multiple logistic analysis demonstrated that avoidance of simultaneous exposure to hens' eggs and cow's milk (relative risk = 1.3, p < 0.05) as well as soy beans (relative risk = 2.8, p < 0.01) should be advised to mothers with positive allergic histories and/or high total IgE (> 400 IU/ml), especially in women aged more than 35 years who are pregnant with a male child. However, maintenance of healthy lifestyles, especially taking proper exercise and sleeping, and avoidance of inhalant allergens during late pregnancy may be a more important strategy for the reduction of cord blood IgE levels.