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The human oocyte. Genetic aspects

M Plachot1

  • 1Laboratoire de Recherche en Fécondation in vitro et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Necker, Enfants Malades, Paris, France.

Annales De Genetique
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
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Chromosomal abnormalities in oocytes are common, affecting 26.5% of unfertilized eggs in IVF. These anomalies, linked to female infertility and environmental factors, can lead to abnormal zygotes.

Area of Science:

  • Human Reproduction
  • Reproductive Genetics
  • Oocyte Biology

Background:

  • Chromosomal anomalies in oocytes are a significant factor in reproductive disorders and embryo development.
  • Understanding these anomalies is crucial for advancing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and human reproduction research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and contributing factors of chromosomal abnormalities in human oocytes.
  • To explore the relationship between oocyte aneuploidy and female infertility, maternal age, and environmental influences.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of oocytes that failed to fertilize after in vitro insemination.
  • Correlation of abnormality rates with female infertility status (tubal, unexplained, male-factor).
  • Review of literature regarding maternal age, gonadotropin stimulation, and intra/extrafollicular factors affecting oocyte quality.

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Main Results:

  • 26.5% of unfertilized oocytes exhibited chromosomal abnormalities, including hypohaploidy (13.3%), hyperhaploidy (8.1%), structural anomalies (1.6%), and diploidy (3.5%).
  • Higher abnormality rates were observed in oocytes from women with tubal or unexplained infertility compared to those with male-factor infertility.
  • Gonadotropin stimulation did not appear to increase anomaly risk; maternal age's effect on oocyte aneuploidy remains ambiguous.
  • Intra- and extrafollicular factors (e.g., oxygenation, cigarette smoke) can disrupt oocyte maturation, leading to aneuploidy.

Conclusions:

  • Oocyte meiosis is highly susceptible to various endogenous and exogenous factors.
  • These factors can result in chromosomally abnormal oocytes, potentially leading to abnormal zygotes and impacting IVF success.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay of factors influencing oocyte meiotic errors.