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Somatotroph function in the neonatal pig

R L Matteri1, J A Carroll

  • 1United States Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.

Domestic Animal Endocrinology
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal piglet growth hormone (GH) secretion and pituitary gene expression change significantly during early development. Somatotroph function declines with age, potentially due to reduced GHRH receptor and GH gene expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Somatotroph function, regulated by growth hormone (GH) and its releasing hormone (GHRH), is crucial for neonatal development.
  • Understanding the developmental trajectory of somatotrophs and related gene expression is essential for identifying factors influencing growth.
  • The neonatal period is characterized by rapid physiological changes, including hormonal regulation and gene expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental changes in somatotroph function and the expression of related genes in neonatal pigs.
  • To correlate serum GH levels, in vitro GH secretion, and pituitary gene expression of Pit-1, GH, and GHRH receptor with age.

Main Methods:

  • Male piglets were sampled at various ages (1-42 days) for blood and pituitary tissue collection.
  • Serum GH concentrations were measured, and pituitary mRNA levels for Pit-1, GH, and GHRH receptor were quantified.
  • In vitro pituitary cell cultures were stimulated with GHRH, 8-Br-cAMP, or phorbol myristate acetate to assess GH secretion.

Main Results:

  • Serum GH levels were high at day 1, decreased significantly, with a transient rise at day 28. In vitro GH secretion was stimulated by secretagogues but declined with age.
  • Pituitary GH mRNA and GHRH receptor mRNA levels decreased with age and were correlated with each other and with GH secretion.
  • Pituitary Pit-1 mRNA levels were elevated at days 7 and 14, correlating with GH mRNA levels.

Conclusions:

  • Somatotroph function and related gene expression are under strong developmental regulation in neonatal pigs.
  • Age-related decreases in GH secretory function may be mediated by reduced expression of the GHRH receptor and GH gene.
  • Pit-1 plays a significant role in regulating GH gene expression during early neonatal development.

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