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Hippocampal lesions induced by ionizing radiation: a parametric study

R C Moreira1, M V Moreira, J L Bueno

  • 1Departamento de Psicologia e Educação-FFCL, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil.

Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|July 18, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Ionizing radiation can selectively lesion dentate gyrus granule cells in infant rats. A refined protocol using X-ray radiation at 14 grays, fractionated over seven days, achieves an 85% cell loss, optimizing this method for research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiation Biology
  • Experimental Neurology

Background:

  • The dentate gyrus is crucial for hippocampal function.
  • Ionizing radiation is a potential tool for selectively targeting hippocampal cell populations.
  • Previous studies demonstrated radiation-induced lesions in the dentate gyrus, but with variable efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the use of ionizing radiation for selective dentate gyrus granule cell lesioning in infant Wistar rats.
  • To determine the optimal radiation parameters (type, dose, energy, fractionation) for achieving significant and selective cell loss.

Main Methods:

  • Parametric study involving modifications to radiation dose, fractionation schedule, radiation type (X-ray, gamma-ray, electrons), and X-ray energy levels.
  • Assessment of lesion extent by quantifying dentate gyrus granule cell loss.

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  • Utilized X-ray energies of 180, 200, and 250 kVp and total doses ranging from 10 to 20 gy.

    • Main Results:

    • Confirmed that ionizing radiation can induce selective lesions in the dentate gyrus, though initial attempts showed limited cell loss.
    • Identified optimal parameters: 14 gy of X-ray radiation at 200 kVp, delivered as seven daily 2 gy fractions.
    • This optimized protocol resulted in approximately 85% loss of dentate gyrus granule cells.

    Conclusions:

    • A specific protocol of fractionated X-ray radiation (14 gy total dose, 2 gy/day for 7 days, 200 kVp) effectively and selectively ablates ~85% of dentate gyrus granule cells in infant rats.
    • This refined method provides a robust tool for investigating the role of the dentate gyrus in hippocampal function and behavior.
    • The findings contribute to the development of precise neurobiological research tools.