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Mediastinal growing teratoma syndrome

H Y Afifi1, G J Bosl, M E Burt

  • 1Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Growing teratoma syndrome occurs when germ cell tumors enlarge post-chemotherapy, even with normalized markers. This requires differentiation from persistent malignancy in patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Growing teratoma syndrome is characterized by germ cell tumor enlargement post-chemotherapy.
  • It must be distinguished from persistent malignant germ cell tumors with elevated markers.

Observation:

  • Two male patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors (metastatic and primary) are presented.
  • Both had elevated tumor markers (AFP, hCG) initially.
  • Pulmonary symptoms arose from enlarging mediastinal teratomas post-chemotherapy and marker normalization.

Findings:

  • Massive mediastinal teratoma growth can occur after successful chemotherapy for germ cell tumors.
  • This phenomenon, the growing teratoma syndrome, presents with pulmonary symptoms.
  • Clinical and radiographic features of thoracic manifestations are reviewed.

Implications:

  • Recognizing growing teratoma syndrome is crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • It highlights the need for continued surveillance in patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors.
  • Distinguishing this benign teratoma growth from recurrent malignancy is vital.

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