Far-field fluorescence microscopy with three-dimensional resolution in the 100-nm range
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Updated: Nov 1, 2026

Fluorescence Imaging with One-nanometer Accuracy (FIONA)
Published on: September 26, 2014
S W Hell1, M Schrader, H T van der Voort
1Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany. shell@gwdg.de
Abstract:
We report three-dimensional (3D) microscopy with nearly isotropic resolution in the lambda/5-lambda/10 range. Our approach combines 4PI-confocal two-photon fluorescence microscopy with image restoration. The 3D resolution is demonstrated with densely clustered beads as well as with F-actin fibers in mouse fibroblast cells. A comparison with unrestored two-photon confocal images reveals a total reduction of the uncertainty volume up to a factor of 15.
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