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[Rhodococcus equi--a newly recognized opportunistic pathogen in man]

M Votava1, B Skalka, R Tejkalová

  • 1Mikrobiologický ústav, Lékarská fakulta Masarykovy university a Fakultní nemocnice u sv. Anny, Brno.

Epidemiologie, Mikrobiologie, Imunologie : Casopis Spolecnosti Pro Epidemiologii a Mikrobiologii Ceske Lekarske Spolecnosti J.E. Purkyne
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia and abscesses, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Early identification and prompt treatment with specific antibiotics are crucial for managing infections in both humans and animals.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Veterinary Medicine

Context:

  • Rhodococcus equi, a zoopathogenic actinomycete, is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in humans.
  • Found in soil and manure, R. equi primarily affects young foals but also poses risks to human health.
  • Human infections are often chronic and recurrent, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, including those with AIDS.

Purpose:

  • To review the significant features of Rhodococcus equi and analyze its isolation reports in humans.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying R. equi as an opportunistic pathogen in clinical microbiology.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of R. equi infections.

Summary:

  • Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive, encapsulated coccobacillus that thrives in soil and manure.

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  • It causes granulomatous pneumonia in foals and pneumonia, lung abscesses, and other infections in humans, especially those with weakened immunity.
  • The pathogen's ability to persist in macrophages and the importance of cell-mediated immunity in resistance are key to its pathogenesis.
  • Infection routes include inhalation, ingestion, or skin injury, with animal/manure contact reported in about a third of human cases.
  • Standard treatment involves a combination of rifampin and erythromycin, and laboratory identification is generally straightforward.

    • Impact:

    • Enhances understanding of R. equi as a significant opportunistic pathogen in human medicine.
    • Provides guidance for microbiological laboratories on identifying and managing R. equi infections.
    • Informs clinicians about the clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, and treatment of R. equi infections, especially in vulnerable populations.
    • Contributes to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for R. equi infections in both veterinary and human medicine.