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Vitreous Hemorrhage

C W Spraul1, H E Grossniklaus

  • 1Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage, often caused by diabetic retinopathy or retinal tears, affects 7 in 100,000 people. Pars plana vitrectomy is the main treatment for non-clearing cases, with research exploring nonsurgical options.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Diseases
  • Vitreous Humor Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage (SVH) occurs in approximately 7 per 100,000 individuals.
  • Common causes include proliferative diabetic retinopathy (32%), retinal tears (30%), and retinopathy post-retinal vein occlusion (11%).
  • Pathologic mechanisms involve disruption of retinal vessels, bleeding from diseased or new vessels, and retinal hemorrhage extension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, causes, pathophysiology, and clinical features of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage.
  • To discuss the unique cellular response and clinicopathologic features of long-standing vitreous hemorrhage.
  • To outline current treatment options and explore experimental nonsurgical approaches.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Literature review of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage incidence and causes.
  • Analysis of pathophysiologic mechanisms and cellular responses.
  • Summary of clinical features, complications, and treatment modalities.

    • Main Results:

    • SVH incidence is ~7/100,000; leading causes are diabetic retinopathy and retinal tears.
    • Vitreous hemorrhage clearance is slow (~1% daily) with an unusual "low-turnover" granuloma-like cellular response.
    • Long-standing hemorrhage can lead to cholesterolosis bulbi, hemoglobin spherulosis, and complications like glaucoma.

    Conclusions:

    • Pars plana vitrectomy remains the established treatment for non-clearing vitreous hemorrhage.
    • Experimental treatments aim to enhance natural clearance mechanisms like fibrinolysis and phagocytosis.
    • Understanding SVH pathophysiology is crucial for managing this condition and its complications.