The effect of intraventricular albumin in experimental brain oedema

Therapy for vasogenic brain oedema (VBE) is still an unsolved problem. Experimental work with the aim of establishing an oncotherapeutic option is presented. VBE is performed by focal freeze injury in rats. Using a stereotactic head holder hypo- or hyperosmolar human serum albumin is administered via the intraventricular route. The goal is to enhance the migration of oedema fluid with the aid of oncotic pressures. Early and late results are obtained for each group respectively four and twenty-four hours after the infliction of cold injury. The efficacy of therapy is evaluated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) osmolality, cerebral water content, tissue specific gravity, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Posttherapeutic values for CSF osmolality are obtained by cisterna magna puncture. Hyperosmolar CSF after performance of cold injury (p < 0.05) is thought to be a result of fluid accumulation in the traumatized region partially from the intraventricular space. Posttherapeutic values after hyperosmolar albumin administration have revealed iso-osmolar CSF, increase in specific gravity (p < 0.001), and decrease in BBB permeability (p < 0.05). These results are in accordance with withdrawal of oedema fluid into the ventricles which can be interpreted as a positive therapeutic effect. Late results in hyperosmolar group have disclosed a hypo-iso-osmolar CSF, persistent increase in specific gravity, and no regression. These values have shown that hyperosmolar albumin administration does not interfere with CSF circulation. Early results of hypoosmolar albumin application are discouraging. This preliminary work of a therapeutic trial on VBE may be a basis for future investigations with different dosages and time modalities.