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Why do animals repeat displays?

Payne1, Pagel

  • 1BBSRC/NERC Ecology and Behaviour Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford

Animal Behaviour
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
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Animal displays repeat actions to improve signal accuracy, replace signals with stronger ones, or augment cumulative signals. These strategies balance energetic costs with receiver assessment rules for effective communication.

Area of Science:

  • Ethology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Communication Systems

Background:

  • Repetitive display actions in agonistic and sexual animal signaling are common.
  • Repetition incurs energetic costs, implying adaptive reasons for its use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze three distinct receiver assessment rules driving repetitive animal displays.
  • To predict optimal signaling behaviors under different assessment models.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of three models (A, B, C) based on receiver assessment rules.
  • Characterization of optimal behaviors predicted by formal models for each assessment type.

Main Results:

  • Model A (average magnitude): Repetition improves accuracy; contest duration depends on relative qualities.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Model B (greatest magnitude): Repetition replaces signals; duration depends on the weaker participant; displays escalate.
  • Model C (cumulative sum): Repetition augments the sum; duration depends on the weaker participant; display magnitude varies.

    • Conclusions:

    • Repetitive signaling strategies are shaped by specific receiver assessment mechanisms.
    • Different assessment rules lead to predictable variations in display structure and contest dynamics.
    • Examples from cichlid fish, red deer, cricket frogs, and yeast illustrate these signaling principles.