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Exercise training, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, and LDL subfraction distribution

G G Ziogas1, T R Thomas, W S Harris

  • 1University of Missouri-Columbia, Exercise Physiology Laboratory 65211, USA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Regular exercise, especially endurance training, improves the body's response to fatty meals by reducing postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PP-HTG) and altering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Cardiovascular health
  • Lipid metabolism

Background:

  • Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PP-HTG) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions, particularly dense LDL, are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
  • Fitness level influences metabolic responses to dietary challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in PP-HTG and LDL subfraction profiles between men and women across varying fitness levels.
  • To determine the impact of sedentary, recreational, and endurance training statuses on postprandial lipid metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-four participants (ages 30-53) were categorized into sedentary, recreational exerciser, and endurance-trained groups.
  • Following a 24-hour controlled diet, blood samples were analyzed for LDL subfractions (cholesterol and apoprotein B100).

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  • Plasma triglyceride levels were measured pre-meal and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-fatty meal.

    • Main Results:

    • The sedentary group exhibited significantly higher PP-HTG compared to both exercise groups.
    • The sedentary group had higher levels of LDL3-cholesterol and LDL3-apoprotein B100 than the endurance-trained group.
    • Men showed higher LDL3-cholesterol and LDL3-apoprotein B100 concentrations compared to women.

    Conclusions:

    • Both recreational and endurance training are linked to a reduced triglyceride response after consuming a fatty meal.
    • Higher volumes of aerobic training may be required to decrease the concentration and cholesterol content of dense LDL particles.
    • Fitness level plays a significant role in modulating postprandial lipid responses and LDL subfraction distribution.