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Invasive pneumococcal disease in the immunocompromised host

E N Janoff1, J B Rubins

  • 1Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis 55417, USA.

Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)
|October 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes invasive disease in specific groups. Immune, genetic, and environmental factors, especially HIV-1 infection, increase risk for severe pneumococcal infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common upper respiratory tract bacterium.
  • It can cause severe invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in at-risk populations.
  • Understanding risk factors for IPD is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and describe host factors contributing to invasive pneumococcal disease.
  • To highlight the role of immune, genetic, and environmental elements in IPD development.
  • To emphasize the significant impact of HIV-1 infection on pneumococcal disease risk.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review of existing literature on Streptococcus pneumoniae and invasive disease.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to host susceptibility to IPD.
  • Identification of specific risk groups and their associated risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Innate and adaptive immune defects (e.g., antibody and complement deficiencies, splenic dysfunction) increase IPD risk.
  • Age, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors play a role in disease development.
  • Conditions like sickle cell disease, diabetes, and HIV-1 infection are associated with higher rates of IPD.
  • HIV-1 infection is identified as a major global risk factor for severe S. pneumoniae infections.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease is influenced by a complex interplay of host factors.
  • Specific immune deficiencies significantly elevate the risk of IPD.
  • HIV-1 infection represents a critical risk factor, underscoring the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies worldwide.

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