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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Chronic sinusitis: risk factors for extensive disease

G E Hoover1, L J Newman, T A Platts-Mills

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral eosinophil counts strongly correlate with the extent of chronic sinus disease, independent of asthma or atopy. This suggests chronic sinusitis may involve T(H2)-type immune activation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Medical diagnostics

Background:

  • Chronic sinus disease is a prevalent condition in the U.S. with poorly understood pathogenesis.
  • Immune system dysregulation is suspected in chronic sinusitis.
  • Understanding immune markers can aid in diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively characterize immunologic parameters associated with extensive chronic sinusitis.
  • To identify specific immune markers that correlate with disease severity.
  • To investigate the relationship between immune activation and chronic sinusitis extent.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 80 adult patients with chronic sinus symptoms.
  • Coronal computed tomographic (CT) scans to assess sinus disease extent.
  • Serum assays for total IgE, specific IgE, IgA, IgG subclasses, and peripheral eosinophil counts.

Main Results:

  • Extensive sinusitis (CT score ≥12) was present in 46% of patients.
  • Peripheral eosinophil count showed a significant correlation with disease extent (r=0.53, p<0.0001).
  • Elevated eosinophils (≥200/μL), asthma, atopy, and age ≥50 were associated with extensive disease, but eosinophil association was independent.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a T(H2)-type immune activation hypothesis for chronic sinusitis.
  • Eosinophilia, asthma, atopy, and elevated IgE/IgG4 levels are linked to extensive disease.
  • Peripheral eosinophil count is a key indicator for extensive chronic sinusitis.