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Avian tumor viruses: persistent and evolving pathogens
1Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica
|January 1, 1997
Summary
Poultry neoplasias are often caused by four viral groups, including Marek's disease virus (MDV) and avian retroviruses like ALV, REV, and LPDV. These viruses persist and evolve, posing diagnostic and control challenges for avian health.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Oncology
- Poultry Pathology
Background:
- Neoplasias in commercial poultry are primarily caused by four distinct viral groups: Marek's disease virus (MDV), avian leukosis virus (ALV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), and lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV).
- These oncogenic viruses share the ability to persist within hosts and the environment, complicating disease management.
- Viral and virus-host dynamics exhibit evolution, leading to new challenges in diagnosis and control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the persistence and evolution of avian tumor viruses.
- To address current issues concerning economically important avian viruses.
- To highlight challenges in diagnosing and controlling evolving viral pathogens in poultry.
Main Methods:
- Review and analysis of existing literature on avian tumor viruses.
- Focus on the evolutionary trends and persistence mechanisms of MDV, ALV, and REV.
- Examination of diagnostic and control strategies in light of viral evolution.
Main Results:
- Marek's disease virus (MDV) is evolving towards increased virulence, reduced vaccine efficacy, and expanded host range.
- Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV) has emerged as a significant pathogen in meat-type breeder poultry.
- Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) prevalence is increasing, with an evolving role in chicken and turkey pathology.
Conclusions:
- The persistence and evolution of avian tumor viruses present ongoing challenges for the poultry industry.
- Understanding viral evolution is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and control strategies.
- Continued research is necessary to manage the impact of evolving oncogenic viruses on poultry health and production.